Guidence for Getting Answers

Case 2 Intranets: Invest First, Analyze Later? Questions: 1. Where and under what circumstances is the â€Å"invest first, analyze later† approach appropriate? where and when is it inappropriate? Give specific examples of technologies and other circumstances. 2. How long do you think the â€Å"invest first , analyze later† approach will be appropriate for intranet projects? When (and why) will the emphasis shift to traditional project justification approaches? (Or has the shift already occurred? ) 3. What are the risks of going into projects that have not received a through financial analysis? How can organization reduce these risks? . Based on the numbers provided for Cadence Design System’s intranet project, use a spread sheet to calculate the net present value of the project. Assume a 5-year life for the system. Case 3 Putting IT to Work at Home Depot Questions: 1. Explain why the team based structure at Home Depot is so successful. 2. The structure means that the SPST reports to both marketing and technology. This is known as a matrix structure. What are the potential advantages and problems? 3. How is collaboration facilitated by IT in this case? 4. Why is the process flow important in this case? Case 4 Dartmouth College Goes WirelessQuestions: 1. In what ways is the Wi-Fi technology changing the Dartmouth students? 2. Some says that the wireless system will become part of the background of everybody’s life – that the mobile devices are just an afterthought. Explain. 3. Is the system contributing to improved learning, or just adding entertainment that may reduce the time available for studying? Debate your point of view with students who hold a different opinion. 4. What are the major benefits of the wireless system over the previous wire line one? Do you think wire line systems will disappear from campus one day? (Do some research on the topic. )

Camels – Adaptations to Extreme Environments

The Camel: How it has Adapted Organisms exist in many environments, some are arid, some flooded, some are basic, some acidic, some are hot, and some are cool. Regardless of the conditions, animals have adapted themselves to survive in their surroundings. One of the main ecosystems that is classed as an extreme environment is the desert ecosystem. A classic example of a desert is the Sahara. Aridity is a characteristic shared amongst all deserts. As reported by Smith (2013), the reason most deserts are arid is because of uneven levels of evapotranspiration and precipitation.Aswel as adapting to very dry conditions, organisms in a desert ecosystem have also adapted to hot temperatures. The temperatures range from as high as 40oC during the day to as low as below freezing during the night due to lack of cloud cover. Evolution: As wrote by Long & Savage (1986) in the late Eocene period and to the end of Miocene, camels evolved and diversified solely in North America. During this time the y were similar in size to rabbits, and their feet contained four toes. In Oligocene times, camels were similar in size to goats, with the lost of the lateral toes, with the remaining digits showing signs of evolution.During the Miocene time, camels adapted a new of walking, it is know as pacing gait. This is where the camel moved both left or both right legs in one movement, instead of opposite legs. During this time camels feet produced pad like structures, which helped them from sinking in soft terrain i. e sand. Then they arrived in South America during the Plio-Pleistocene times. This is where they diversified into 2 more genus under Camelinae family of the more known species, llama and alpaca, and 2 less known, guanaco and vicuna.As this happened, they crossed into the ‘Old World', where they then spread across Europe, Asia and Africa, this is where they branched out into the ‘single humped' Camelus Dromedarius, and ‘double humped' Camelus Bactrianus. Characte ristics of Camelus Dromedarius: An animal that has adapted well to this environment is the Camelus Dromedarius. Wilson (1984) as cited by Kohler-Rollefson (1991) describes the features of the camels body. Dromedary camels have a shoulder height of at least 1. 8m, with the hump extending a further 20cm. They can weights upwards of 400kg.Dromedary camels have a long upward curved neck, with a single hump on it's back. This is all supported by their long, strong legs and wide webbed feet. Body Temperature / Water Conservation: In the desert temperatures fluctuate. On average, a dehydrated camels body temperature fluctuates by up to 8oC in a single day, it can increase from an average of 34-36 to 42oC. There is less of a fluctuation if the camel is hydrated (2oC). If camels did not tolerate this fluctuation in temperature and instead tried to keep the body cool, up to 5 litres of water could be lost due to sweating.This allows the camel to conserve water and energy. The camel then takes advantage of the cool evenings to dissipate heat, with no energy cost. Camels, like all other mammals do sweat to maintain an acceptable temperature, however, it is not continuous. (Mares, 1999). Composition of Camel's Hump: Mares (1999), reports that a common misconception associated with camels is that their hump is composed of water, this has been disproven, and instead replaced with the fact this it is fat. Another common misconception associated with a camels hump is that water is produced by the oxidation of fat.This is has been proven to be false, or at least, partially untrue as the oxidation of fat requires an increased oxygen intake, this results in an increased rate of breathing, which increases the amount of water lost as vapour from the lungs. This nullifies the effect of the metabolized fat, yielding no net gain in water. As previously discussed, camels have adapted to keep their bodies cool, without sacrificing water. Another adaptation that is seen with camels is th at their main fat store is their hump. A camel does not store fat on other parts of their body.This is because the fat would act as insulation and reduce the amount of heat lost at night, at a time when the temperature is cooler, and most heat dissipation occurs. Excretion in Camels: Richards (1973) as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) explores the fact that camels are able to produce urine that contains twice as much salt as sea water. It was noted by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) that the Kidney is composed of Henle loops of varying lengths. Camels are seen to contain a lot of longer loops than any other species, so there is a bigger potential for water to be reabsorbed, and the urine becoming concentrated.This coincides with the camels ability to facilitate water and plants with a salt content higher than normal. Schmidt-Nielsen (1964) as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa (1981) compared the volume of urine excreted by the camel while hydrated and while dehydrated. The camel while hydrated, excreted up to 4 litres of urine in a single day, compared to the when it was dehydrated, where it excreted up to half a litre of urine. It was also noted that the camel produced faeces, almost completely absent of water.It was composed of a large number of pellets approximately 3cm in length. As they lacked water, they were light to lift, with a shiny appearance. Conclusion: Camels like animals in other extreme environments have adapted well to suit their environment of temperature fluctuations and a lack of water. Camels have evolved in such a way that moving has been made easier, they do not sink into the sand, so they do not expend more energy than is needed. The camels adaptation to a large fluctuation in body temperature allows water to be conserved as it is not lost as sweat.The camels hump proves as an invaluable energy source when food sources are scarce, as is common in desert ecosystems, the fat is metabolized and used as energy. It's all these adaptations that allows the camel to live in such an extreme environment. The absence of one or more of these adaptations would lead to the inability of camels to survive in this environment. In this day and age global warming is increasing the average temperature of the earths atmosphere, if there was a significant increase, could these organism handle an increased temperature luctuation? References: Jeremy M. B. Smith desert 2013. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Retrieved 01 March, 2013, from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/158992/desert Kohler-Rollefson, Ilse U, (1991). Camelus Dromedarius. Mammalian Species. 375 (1-8), pp. 1-4 Mares, Michael A. , (1999). Encyclopaedia of Deserts. 1st ed. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. Richards, S. A. , 1973. Adaptation to heat. In Temperature regulation. London, Wykeham Publications, pp. 191-197 as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. , (1981).The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review. 1st ed. Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre of Africa Savage R . J. G & Long, M. R. , (1986). Mammal Evolution. 1st ed. United Kingdom: Facts on File & The British Museum. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1964. The Camel. In Desert Animals: physiological problems of heat and water. Oxford, Clarendon press, 277 pp as cited by Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. , (1981). The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review. 1st ed. Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre of Africa

Learning and Development Practice Essay

1. Directive: Is where the coach offers the coachee solutions, tools and techniques for moving forward. The coachee may like to be offered solutions however the danger is that the solution may not be appropriate for the coachee’s situation and consequently may not feel fully committed to the solution provided. 2. Non-Directive: Is coaching in the true sense of the word where the coach simply asks the coachee questions to allow the coachee to find your own solutions. A non-directive coach will not offer the coachee advice and rarely even give the coachee suggestions, although through skilful questioning they will help the coachee to see their situation from a different perspective, gain clarity, uncover options, challenge inconsistencies and hold the coachee accountable to their actions. ‘Directiveness’ Scale Directive ———————————————————————— Non-Directive – I know how – You know how – I tell you – You tell me – You follow instruction- You decide Starr, J. 2008. The Coaching Manual. Person Education LTD. Pg20. Although I have given an idea of what directive and non-directive coaching styles are. These styles can be seen on a sliding scale. A tool for the coach to use, dependent on the situation and where the questioning leads. The coach my not always use one style over another but can slide up and down the scale to enhance the coachee’s answer and gain clarity where needed, or dependent on the experience of the coachee. With the ultimate aim that the coachee leaves empowered to move forward with action points to achieve goals. 1.2 How coaching differs from other L&D methods Counselling Counselling a therapeutic intervention usually around a personal deep rooted issue from a person’s past that is affecting a person in the present. Counselling provides intervention strategy’s to cope with the personal issue by delving into the persons past. Coaching although can bring out emotions from the coachee, tends to be forward looking and is based around  performance related issues and not personal. (Beevers, 2010). 1.3 How coaching can meet organisational objectives Coaching can meet organisational objectives by  Staff engage and have a greater awareness of organisations objectives. Implemented agreed actions during coaching process show recorded outcomes which means the organisation has measurable results of learning within staff PDP’s. Shows an organisation has a learning culture – investing in their people. If coach is line manager they will enhance management capabilities within the organisation. 1.4 Coaching roles The Coaches role Establishes the boundaries, e.g. Frequency and length of sessions as well as the session structure. Explains what coaching is and is not, and asks permission to explain when issues go beyond what is permissible in coaching. Helps the coachee set goals through questions. Showing interest, activity listening, being non-judgmental. Shows confidence in coachee to find own solutions. Helps coachee gain insight through questioning, listening and challenging them. Encourages forward movement and thinking. Helps coachee set SMART goals and feedback on those goals. Holds coachee accountable for his/her own progress and does not own the actions. The Coachee role Commits to the coaching process and be an active part. Takes ownership of their progress. Is honest, open and shares information with the coach. Willing to discover more self awareness. Takes ownership and willingness to move forward with agreed actions to achieve goals. Understands that the coach is only human and that mistakes from both the coachee and the coach may be made along the journey. 1.5 The benefits of coaching Individual Increased Confidence and self awareness from developing own solutions and goals (ILM,2007). Dedicated time to discuss own performance and ownership on how to improve it. Better understanding of their contribution within their role related to the organisations objectives. Organisation Motivated staff leading to better staff retention throughout the organisation. Improved communication and relationships between management and staff. Improve business knowledge and skills in specific areas related to the organisation (ILM, 2007). 1.6 How to implement a coaching culture within an organisation Bringing in external coaches would be dependent on cost– External coaches are costly, although may be more dependent and more reliant to complete agreed actions, but are more likely to be used short term and small scale (Beevers, 2010). External coaches are more likely to be brought to coach executive level management (Beevers, 2010), or to train up in-house coaches who can then coach at lower levels of management and/or line managed staff within the organisation as part of the development process (Harrison, 2009). 1.7 Developing in-house coaching Advantages Coach will have existing knowledge of the organisation and understands the organisations objectives. Can be more cost effective when coaching a large workforce in comparison to bring in an external coach. As a manager/coach – can offer immediate coaching to team members when issues arise. Disadvantages Coachee may not be willing to open up to coach about issues, especially is coach is their line manager due to lack of trust of confidentiality. Conflict of interest if coach is a manager – They have their own targets to achieve which might affect the aims or outcome of the coaching session. Costs of training, supervising and time from normal workload to coach if internal employees are trained to become coaches (Harrison 2009). References Beevers, K and Andrew, R., 2010. Learning and Development Practice. CPID. Harrison, R. 2009., Learning and development. 5th edition. CIPD. ILM. May 2011., Creating a coaching culture. ILM. Starr, J. 2008., The Coaching Manual. Person Education Ltd. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of coaching relationship [Online] Available at [Accessed 31/09/13].

The Importance of Space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Importance of Space - Essay Example This paper illustrates that during construction one must be able to understand elements such as space, centers, boundaries, paths and alignments during construction. According to David Summers conceptualization, the center was used to define a place where heavens could be traced.According to this author, the center was not articulated initially but stones were placed as signs of signifying the rising of the sun and moon1. The author also argues that paths are important since they acknowledge places and centers hence providing a means of approach and departure. He further argues that the paths cannot be in place without the concept of understanding lines. According to the author, most of the lines converge at the center. On the other hand, the purpose of alignment is to put the center in the most direct possible contact with the external thing that may be the moon, mountain or another center. Using David Summer’s conceptualization the building was located in the center. Surroun ding the mansion was a brick wall in a rectangular manner. The building was located at the center to allow for approach and departure from both sides. From the gate directly to the main entrance of the building is a path neatly done with stone blocks. The main entry faces the gate. This is aimed at ensuring that visitors do not interfere with private properties. The direct path from the gate is also important in case of emergency and this can help in the evacuation. From the main door inside the building is a path that leads to the sitting room and to the diner. On the left is the visitor's bedroom. There is a considerable space between the dining room and the sitting room allowing space for easy movement. The main window is located just near the main entrance door which also illuminates light into the house. The path from the main entrance leads directly to an exit which can also be used as an emergency door in case of any danger. The rear end of the building also contains a wider spacing which is open. However, this spacing is private in the sense that only recommended people can access it especially those living and working within the building.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Social Contract Theory Research Paper

Strengths and Weaknesses of Social Contract Theory - Research Paper Example This paper tells that the social contract is considered to be an agreement between the state and those subjected to it, over their duties towards one another and how these duties are likely to be carried out. It is through the belief in this contract that many states today have come to be formed, and this mainly through the development of constitutions. The social contract theory recognizes that individuals have their own natural rights some of which they surrender to their governments so that the latter can protect their remaining rights. This paper seeks to show that while the social contract theory has many strengths, it also has various weaknesses, both of which will be addressed. The social contract theory is one which attempts to bring order to the society through the recognition of the rights and duties of individuals and states towards each other. This recognition allows for the development of a constitution which helps in the formulation of laws the protect the rights of ind ividuals while at the same time making it possible for people within the society to recognize their responsibilities not only to the state but also towards one another. It is through this recognition that it becomes possible for the government to enforce its authority over the society within its territory and this helps it to protect the individuals living within it. This theory can be considered to be a guideline for governments on how they can handle their responsibilities towards their people, for example, the provision of security as well as ensuring that their people are able to exercise their freedoms without any prejudice. It also recognizes that there are certain situations where individual rights have to be put aside in favor of the good of society especially in situations where individuals are required to pay taxes in order to help the government to fulfill its obligations.

The Importance of the Embargo in the Arabic Countries Research Paper

The Importance of the Embargo in the Arabic Countries - Research Paper Example During the embargo, the countries mainly Arabic countries made the unilateral decision to hike the prices and cause a disruption in the world oil prices. The price per barrel at the period between 1960 and 1971 was at $1.75. By mid-1973, the price had risen to $3.29 a barrel, and this was after negotiations. After the conflict had begun, the OPEC members raised the price to $5.12 a barrel. Iran auctioned its oil to the highest bidder at $17 a barrel. By the early months of 1974, the price was at $ 11.25. Since then, the prices remained on a steady rise. The Arabic countries who were the majority in the OPEC wanted to make the US bow down and cease supporting Israel. This also led to more conflicts and the US knew it was at a very bad position. The US was at a decline in its oil production, worsening the situation at hand. The process of dealing with the shortage also led to supplies that are more limited, and the price increase was beyond what the US could have done to limit it. Anot her problem was America’s unilateral decision of removing itself from the Bretton Woods Accord where the gold exchange standard was the main method of exchange. The price of gold was pegged on the value of the dollar and the fact that the US was removing itself from this accord was making it difficult to satisfy the market demands. The problem was that they had to make better choices and the depreciating value of the prices was not ideal for society. Ideally, the growing nature of the disgruntled attributes was making things worse and the countries were being fed up by the inability to make independent decisions without having to liaise with the US.

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Global Warming - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is Global Warming as a constant problem. We have to turn off greenhouse gases now in order to avoid catastrophe in decades to come. If global temperatures rise by four degrees by century’s end, sea levels will rise five to six meters due to the melting of our polar ice caps. It’s time to connect the dots from those remote Arctic regions to our cities, towns, and backyards. Let’s consider what the future might look like if global warming continues unchecked. According to recent studies Americans rank climate change as the country’s most critical environmental problem. Current observations of global warming related data have solidified the speculation that it is positively an enhanced greenhouse effect that is causing the world to warm. The planet has experienced the biggest increase in surface temperature over the last century. Between 2003 and 2006, the Earth’s average surface temperature rose between 0.6 to 0.9 de grees Celsius; the last 50 years saw the temperature increase rate almost doubling. Sea levels have shown a rise of about 0.17 meters during the twentieth century. Low-lying coastal regions, with thick population, are especially susceptible to climate shifts, with the poorer countries and small island nations having the hardest time adapting. It has been estimated that by 2080, 13 to 88 million people around the world would lose their home to floods. This research will demonstrate that there are numerous opinions on the causes of climate change. Are they manmade or natural? Global warming is a convoluted subject. It’s easy to get confused by all the scientific arguments and conflicting claims. The purpose of this research is to attempt to get the scientific community to agree that global warming related variables can be combated more efficiently with better cooperation. Take politics, economics, greed, and self interests of various governments out of the debate and merely foc us on the facts, and labeling the problem whatever you desire, can and will support worldwide comprehensive improvements. Problem Statement: Global Warming is a constant problem. We have to turn off greenhouse gases now in order to avoid catastrophe in decades to come. If global temperatures rise by four degrees by century’s end, sea levels will rise five to six meters due to the melting of our polar ice caps. It’s time to connect the dots from those remote Arctic regions to our cities, towns, and backyards. Let’s consider what the future might look like if global warming continues unchecked. Rationale for the Research: This is an issue that is approached very differently by the scientific community. This topic could affect all living organisms, the environment not just in the United States, but the entire world. From 2003 to

Economic case for Precision agricuture apply to Ireland Article

Economic case for Precision agricuture apply to Ireland - Article Example Tobacco is also grown in limited areas. Irish agriculture mainly comprises of the small family farm. About 67 percent of the farms cover less than 50 acres (20 hectares), and another 25 percent are smaller than 20 acres (8 hectares). The number of people employed in agriculture continues to decrease as mechanization increases and young men and women find better-paying occupations in the cities. The number of agricultural workers in Ireland declined by about 50 percent between the years 1960 and 1991 (Britannica Student Encyclopedia, 2006). The future of Irish agriculture greatly depends on sustainable practices and proper economic planning. Precision agriculture is one of the best ways to increase the farm production. Precision Agriculture is a now a term used throughout agricultural systems worldwide. Precision agriculture can be defined as a comprehensive system designed to optimize agricultural production through the application of crop information, advanced technology and management practices. Precision agriculture begins with crop planning and includes tillage, planting, chemical applications, harvesting, and post harvest processing of the crop (Roberson, 2004). Precision farming utilizes three technologies: Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Variable Rate Technology (VRT). GPS provides navigation that can position a tractor within a few feet anywhere in a field. GIS computer systems capture, manage, and analyze spatial data relating crop productivity and field inputs. VRT provides "on-the-fly" estimation of field inputs. Working in concert, GIS, GPS, and VRT provide information that allows producers to apply inputs, such as fertilizers and insecticides, precisely in a sustainable manner (Ball and Peterson 2001). Further the collected information may be used to more precisely evaluate optimum sowing density, estimate specifically fertilizers and other inputs needs, and to more accurately

Personal Intellectual Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Intellectual Development - Essay Example His standards are ever high, and his expectations have zero tolerance for excuses. His firm stance on quality in every aspect of life has always served as a driving force in my intellectual development. From how he monitored my initial stages of academic development to how he came up with a period that would guard my personal studies, I just established a firm foundation that would bear intellectual fruits. His firsthand involvement at home came with assistance in dealing with homework, research and other forms of personal studies. Nothing works magic as a dad who has time for his children. Every night was a thorough review of work covered during the day. A timely response to my requests would have me a step ahead of my peers. He would work hard at daytime to meet my every kind of needs, meet financial requirements to keep me in one of the best schools in our state. Attending our activities day came with a through inquiry of what I was doing at school. My performance came with reward s from him, motivation, encouragement, and sometimes a slap on my whole face. Sometimes I think about all these with my head down and put on a big smile seeing the man he made me. Having had me in the school environment presented an open opportunity to find reads that would transform my academic approach. While dad was pulling strings at home, Alain de Botton’s The Consolation of Philosophy was a source of inspiration for school. This read provided wisdom basics that have always been a pillar to lean on. Botton’s assumes a tone of consolation as he helps the readers figure solutions to their everyday problems. I borrowed a great deal from Botton’s perspectives as he cites the likes of Socrates and Epicurus philosophy (Botton). Botton taught me that as much as life has challenges, what matters is an attitude that helps you sort through the problem.

Learning as a Process and as a Product Essay Example for Free

Learning as a Process and as a Product Essay When you ask people what do they think about learning? They only think in the final result. Isn’t to important to comprehend what that really means, and how big and important is the process. It is to simple to analyze what we have been learned before just making us the question If we really remember what we learned? But no everyone think in learning as a process. How do we learned that? If it was difficult? It’s the same learning as a process and as a product? Learning is the end product of some process. But when is learning a product? Learning as a product is when a person knows completely and totally that he/she dominates the knowledge, but also he/she have been qualify to do that â€Å"knowledge† what it means that he/she not just know the theory but also have the experience. The final product of the learning may show the capacity or level of each student and let the teacher know who needs more practice in a specific area. It depends on what they were working on, but it doesn’t mean that they are going to tell you or notice that the student really acquires the knowledge or the skill or if they need a more advanced or lower level to do the activities. Wich it means that learning as a product is the goal that the â€Å"learning process† must have. Learning as a process will be the behavior changes of certain experiences that people have had. Learning as a process goes further than learning as a product, because in one what it matters is the final result, and in another one what it matters is how was it? It’s not the same if I learned something just memorizing without practice. Besides If a learn something with theory and practice my final result it’s going to be better. It’s to important the process in which each person learned, because that will ensure you that you really understand and dominate what people taught you. That’s why everyone should recognize the difference between learning as a product and as a process.

History of Breast Cancer Identification and Treatment

History of Breast Cancer Identification and Treatment A City of Strings In the late 1970s, researchers at Standford and UCSF had invented a technology known as recombinant DNA. They founded a biotech company called Genentech in 1976 to leverage on this technology to develop new drugs. Genentech used Recombinant DNA technology to synthesize human proteins in bacteria cells instead of extracting proteins from animal and human organs. From 1982 to 1985, Genentech had manufactured many important drugs such as human insulin, a clotting factor to treat hemophilia, and a human growth hormone all engineered and produced in bacterial cells. In 1984, a team of researchers led by a German scientist named Axel Ullrich from Genentech discovered the human homolog of the neu gene, an oncogene previously discovered by Weinberg. In the summer of 1986, Ullrich told the story of the isolation of Her-2 at a UCLA seminar. Among the audience was a UCLA oncologist named Dennis Slamon. Slamon had a collection of cancer tissues from patients at UCLA. He proposed a simple collaboration to Ullrich. If Ullrich sent him the Her-2 DNA probes, Slamon could test his collection for cancer cells with hyperactive Her-2 genes. Ullrich agreed. Slamon tested Her-2 with his collection of cancer cells. He discovered that breast cancers could be divided into two types: Her-2 positive and Her-2 negative, depending on whether or not the cancer cells amplify Her-2 by making multiple copies. Her-2 positive tumors are more aggressive, more metastatic, and more likely to kill than Her-2 negative tumors. The association of Her-2 with an aggressive breast cancer prompted Ullrich to look for a drug to shut off the Her-2 function. In 1988, Genentech produced a mouse antibody that could inactivated Her-2 and sent it to Slamon. Slamon tested the antibody with cancer cells in a dish, the cancer cells stopped growing and died. When he injected the antibody into mice with Her-2 positive tumors, the tumors also disappeared. He concluded that the Her-2 inhibition worked in an animal model. Both Slamon and Ullrich expected Genentech to leap at the opportunity. But Genentech got cold feet and wanted to focus on simpler and more profitable drugs. Feeling dejected, Ullrich left Genentech, leaving Slamon alone at UCLA trying to keep the Her-2 project alive at Genentech. Eventually, Slamon and Art Levinson, a molecular biologist at Genentech, convinced a tiny entrepreneurial team to push ahead with the Her-2 project. In the summer of 1990, Genentech produced a human Her-2 antibody ready for clinical trials. They called it Herceptin. Fifteen women enrolled in Slamons trial at UCLA in 1992. The drug was combined with a standard chemotherapy drug, both delivered intravenously. Only five of the original cohort continued the trial to its six-month end point. One of them is Barbara Bradfield. She had told Slamon that she was at the end of the road and had accepted what seemed inevitable, when Slamon tried to enroll her in the trial in the summer of 1991. She survives today. Drugs, Bodies, and Proof By the summer of 1993, news of the Herceptin early phase trial had spread through the community. Her-2 positive breast cancer is one of the most fatal variants of the disease, and patients will try any therapy that could produce a positive response. Cancer activist urged the release of the drug to patients who had failed other therapies. These patients, they argued, could not wait for the drug to undergo the long periods of clinical trial; they wanted a life saving medicine now. For Genentech, Herceptin had not been approved by the FDA. Genentech wanted carefully executed early phase trials. Marti Nelson, a gynecologist in California, had breast cancer when she was 33 in 1987. In 1993, six years after her initial surgery, her cancer had relapsed. She wanted to test the tumor for Her-2 sensitivity, but her HMO insisted that the test was useless because Herceptin was in investigational trials. In the summer of 1993, she contacted the Breast Cancer Action (BCA) project for help. Working through its activist networks, BCA asked several laboratories to test Nelsons tumor. In October 1994, the tumor was found to be Her-2 positive. She would be an ideal candidate for the drug. But the news came too late. She died nine days later. On December 4, 1994, a group of women from the BCA staged a funeral procession for Nelson through the Genentech campus. Unable to silence the activists, Genentech joined them. In 1995, Genentech agreed to provide an expanded access program for Herceptin, allowing oncologist to treat patients outside clinical trials. Trial Results On May 17, 1998, Slamon reported the results of the clinical trial at the 34th meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Los Angeles. In the pivotal 648 study, 469 women had received standard chemotherapy and were randomized to receive either Herceptin or a placebo. Women treated with Herceptin had shown a clear a measurable benefit. Response rates had increased by 150 percent, shrinking more tumors, and extending lives by four to five months compared to the control arm. In 2003, two studies were launched to test Herceptin in early stage breast cancer. When the trials were combined, overall survival in women treated with Herceptin was increased by 33 percent. A Four-Minute Mile In 1973, Janet Rowley identified a unique chromosomal aberration in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. The abnormality, the so-called Philadelphia chromosome, resulted from a translocation in which the head of chromosome 22 and the tail of chromosome 9 had been fused to create a new gene. A team of Dutch researchers isolated the gene on Chromosome 9 in 1982. They called it abl. And in 1984, they isolated abls partner on chromosome 22 a gene called Bcr. In normal cells, Bcr and abl are separate genes living on separate chromosomes. But in CML cells, the fusion of the two genes created a new chimera called Bcr-abl which coded a hyperactive kinase that causes cells to divide without control. In the mid-1980s, a team of chemists at Ciba-Geigy was trying to develop selective kinase inhibitors. Ciba-Geigy was a pharmaceutical company in Basel, Switzerland.ÂÂ   The team was headed by a Swiss physician named Alex Matter, and an English biochemist named Nick Lydon. In 1986, Matter and Lydon discovered a simple skeletal chemical that could bind a kinase and inhibit its function. By the early 1990s. Matter and Lydon had created dozens of new molecules with similar structures. When Lydon tested these molecules on various kinases, he discovered that they were kinase inhibitors with extraordinary specificity. What Matter and Lydon needed now was a disease in which to apply this collection of chemicals. In the late 1980s, Nick Lydon met Brian Druker at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Druker, a young faculty member at the institute, was interested in CML the cancer driven by the Bcr-abl kinase. He proposed an ambitious collaboration effort to test the kinase inhibitors on the patients at the institute. But the project was tabled because the lawyers could not agree to terms. In 1993, Druker reconnected with Lydon after he left Boston to start his own laboratory in Portland at the Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU). Lydon informed Druker that the Ciba-Geigy team had found a molecule called CGP57148 that might inhibit Bcr-abl with high specificity. Revealing little about the potentials of the chemicals, Druker got a collaboration agreement signed between OHSU and Ciba-Geigy. In the summer of 1993, Druker added the drug from Lydon to CML cells in a petri dish. Overnight, the CML cells were dead. He induced CML tumors into mice and then treated the mice with the drug. The tumors regressed in days, leaving behind the normal blood cells. He drew out samples of bone marrow from a few patients with CML and applied the drug to the cells in a petri dish. The leukemia cells in the marrow died immediately, leaving behind the normal blood cells. He had cured leukemia in the dish. Druker expected Ciba-Geigy to be excited about these results. But in Basel, Ciba-Geigy has just merged with its arch rival into a pharmaceutical behemoth called Novartis. The prospect of spending millions on a drug to benefit thousands gave Novartis cold feet. Novartis finally relented in early 1998. They changed the name of the drug to Gleevec. In the initial phase of the study, 53 out of 54 patients receiving the drug showed a complete response within days. The remissions extended into weeks and months as the patients continued the medicine. The initial phase of the trial was a success. The Red Queens Race In the fifth year of their Gleevec trial, Charles Sawyer and Mashe Talpaz found the vast proportion of CML patients maintained deep remissions on the drug. But occasionally, a patients leukemia became Gleevec-resistant and stopped responding to Gleevec. Sawyers discovered that the CML cells become Gleevec-resistant by altering the structure of the molecule. In 2005, Sawyerss team generated another kinase inhibitor, called dasatinib, to target Gleevec-resistant Bcr-abl. The effect of this new drug on Gleevec-resistant patients was remarkable: the leukemia cells disappeared again. Even targeted therapy was a cat-and-mouse game. When the cancer becomes resistant to the drug, we would need a different molecular variant. And when it becomes resistant to the new drug, you would need the next generation drug. Like the Red Queens race, we have to keep running to remain still. In the decade since the discovery of Gleevec, 24 novel cancer-targeted drugs have been introduced and dozens more are in development. The 24 drugs have been effective against lung, breast, and prostate cancers, lymphomas, leukemias and sarcomas. Some inactivate oncogenes, others target oncogene-activated pathways. The Red Queens race applies to cancer screening and cancer prevention. Circles of relationships are powerful predictors of individual behaviors. The tobacco epidemic originated as a form of metastatic social behavior. Successful cancer-prevention strategies can lapse swiftly when social behavior changes. Thirteen Mountains The Human Genome Project was completed in 2003. It will be followed by the Cancer Genome Atlas project a compendium of every gene mutation in the most common form of cancer. Mutations in the cancer genome, Bert Vogelstein believes, come in two forms. Some are passenger mutations that have no impact on the biology of the cancer cell. Others are driver mutations that play a crucial role in the biology of a cancer cell. The mountains in the cancer genome, the most frequent mutations in a particular form of cancer, have another property. They can be organized into between eleven and fifteen key cancer pathways. The dysregulation of these core pathways poses an enormous challenge for cancer therapists. These changes provoke three directions for cancer medicine: Once we have identified the crucial driver mutations in any cancer, we will need to hunt for targeted therapies against these genes. We need to integrate the insights of cancer biology into cancer prevention to preempt the need for a million-person association study. Cancer screening can also be fortified by the molecular understanding of cancer. We need to integrate our understanding of abnormal genes and pathways to explain the behavior of cancer, renewing the circle of knowledge, discovery, and therapeutic intervention. Atossas War Imagine Atossa, the Persian queen who had breast cancer in 500 BC, traveling through time, appearing and reappearing in one age after the next. How would her treatment and prognosis changed in the last four millennia, and what happens to her later in the new millennium? In 2500 BC at Imhoteps clinic in Egypt, Imhotep provides a diagnosis, but there is no treatment, he says. In 500 BC, her Greek slave cuts her tumor out a primitive form of a mastectomy. In 400 BC, in Thrace, Hippocrates identifies her tumor as a karkinos. In AD 168, Claudius Galen says its a systemic overdose of black bile cutting the tumor out would not cure it. Medieval surgeons cut her cancer away with knives and scalpels. Some offer goat dung, lead plates, crab paste, and holy water as treatments. In 1778, at John Hunters clinic in London, her cancer is assigned a stage. If the tumor is local, he recommends surgery. For advanced cancers, he advises: remote sympathy. In 1890, at Halsteds clinic in Baltimore, her breast cancer is treated with radical mastectomy. In the early twentieth century, radiation oncologists try to destroy the tumor using X-rays. By the 1950s, her cancer is treated with a lumpectomy followed by radiation. In the 1970s, her surgery is followed by adjuvant combination chemotherapy to diminish the chance of a relapse. In the 1980s, besides surgery, radiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy, she is treated with hormonal and targeted therapy. In the mid-1990s, Atossas genome was sequenced and found positive for BRCA-1.ÂÂ   She is offered several targeted therapies to treat the illness. In 2050, Atossa will arrive at her oncologists clinic with a thumb drive containing the entire sequence of her cancers genome. The computer would identify the mutations and pathways that are causing the cancer. Therapies will be targeted against these mutations and pathways. She will start with one combination of targeted drugs, expect to switch to a second one when her cancer mutates, and switch again when the cancer mutates again.

Killer Bees Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Africanized Honey Bee is actually a variety of honeybee derived by hybridization from African honeybees naturalized in the western hemisphere. Because they are highly defensive and will attack perceived intruders more readily than the common European honeybee, they are also known by the popular name of â€Å"killer bees.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazilian scientists imported African honeybee queens in the 1950’s in order to breed a honeybee for use in tropical climates. Some swarms escaped into the wild. Because they were highly adapted for tropical survival and had no natural competitors, they thrived and spread rapidly through South America, extending their range by as much as 500 km (300 mi) per year. By the 1980s, Africanized honeybees had reached Central America and soon colonized Mexico. In 1990, the first swarm was found in the United States. The bees spread from Texas to New Mexico and Arizona and then into California by 1994.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bees reached an apparent climatic limit to their southern range in the middle of Argentina, and their range is expected to be similarly limited to the southern and coastal states in the United States. They have hybridized to some extent with resident wild and hive populations of European honeybees. However, many of the basic African honeybee traits remain, including rapid population growth, frequent swarming, minimal hoarding of honey, the ability to survive on sparse supplies of pollen and nectar, and a ...

Ted Bundy :: essays research papers

Ted Bundy Ted Bundy's Trail of Terror From the Beginning of Taking Life Until The End of His Life Serial killers tend to be white heterosexual males in their twenties and thirties. While it is impossible to predict who will become a serial killer there are traits that appear to be similar in all killers. These behaviors include cruelty to animals, bedwetting, lying, drug and alcohol abuse, and a history of violence. According to Robert Ressler et al., "serial homicide involves the murder of separate of separate victims with time breaks between victims, as minimal as two days to weeks or months. These time breaks are referred to as a cooling off period." Because homicides involving multiple victims is gradually becoming more commonplace, and to facilitate an understanding of the aforementioned definition, it is helpful to differentiate serial murder from other types of murder, such as mass murder, which involves,"four or more victims killed within a short time span," and spree killings, which Ressler et al. defines as "a series of sequential homicides connected to one event committed over a time period of hours to days and without a cooling off period." Ted Bundy is one of the worst serial killers in history. His antisocial personality and psychotic character made him feared across the country. After all was said and done Ted left behind a trail of bloody slayings that included the deaths of 36 young women and spanned through four states. The biggest question in many people's mind was how could someone as intelligent,highly accomplished, and praised as Bundy do such a thing? Theodore Robert Bundy was born November 24th, 1946 in Burlinton, Vermont to a 21 year old mother. Ted's mom never told him much about his father except that he was in the armed forces and they had only dated a few times. Ted was left in foster care for two months while his mom and parents decided what to do with him. In 1946 an illegitimate child was extremely looked down upon by society. Once they decided to keep Ted his grandparents told everyone he was their adopted son. Ted knew who his biological mom was, but outsiders were told that she was his sister. Ted adored his grandfather. His grandfather was also particularly fond of Ted. He remembered camping and fishing trips he and his grandfather would go on. Other family members describe his grandfather as an ill-tempered tyrant. He was racist, intolerant, and a perfectionist. He expected everyone to meet his demands. His grandfather was also verbally abusive toward other family members and physically abusive toward his wife.

Comparing George Orwell’s 1984 and Our World Today Essay -- airstrip on

George Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984, set in Airstrip One, originally named Great Britain, is a fictional story that describes a time where England is overruled by English Socialism. The story’s point of view is through the main character, Winston Smith, who is an intelligent member of the middle class. The audience is walked through the later stages of his life, where his intellectual thought is most prominent. Throughout the book, Winston goes through everyday life, as well as visits many places that are described in great detail. Every place he goes has varying effects on him and other individuals surrounding him. The place that has them most effect on Winston is his home in the Victory Mansions, which ironically, are just apartments. This particular space affects how he walks, talks, and even thinks. Fortunately, in comparison to our world today, we don’t have to be as precautious about our every move. In Winston’s home, there is a â€Å"telescreen†, which is actually in every resident’s home. This device is embedded with a surveillance camera that watches every move made, and can hear every sound made. This is how â€Å"Big Brother† (BB) is always watching, and if someone does something that BB doesn’t approve of, they have the ability to arrest and completely erase their existence. Winston has to be careful in his own home and can’t make any sudden movements that may attract negative attention. Therefore Winston is very delicate in his movements just so he can avoid any trouble. In a particular scene, all the citizens had to participate in morning exercises, while the instructor watched from the screen. All of a sudden, â€Å"Smith! 6079 Smith W! Yes, you! Bend lower please! You can do better than that. You’re not trying. Lowe... ...hough we have the freedom of speech, we should still be wary of how we say or write things to avoid any unnecessary trouble. In conclusion, Winston’s home made him a very cautious and careful person, who felt the need to sneak to do anything. This is a very scary feeling to have in one’s own home, because a home is normally where someone has the right to relax, sit back, and enjoy their freedom. In Winston’s situation, it is the complete opposite circumstance; he is nervous, peace less, and has feelings of entrapment, except for the little area that provides him with some form of liberation. Luckily this isn’t the circumstance for our society and hopefully it will never be the circumstance. We gratefully have been granted amendments that give us many rights to live and thrive freely amongst the world. Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell/1984

Brain Functioning Table Essay

A neuron is a cell in the brain or another part of the nervous system that transmits information to other cells. Neuron cells are the information processing components of the brain responsible for receiving and transmitting information. Each part of the neuron plays a role in the communication of information throughout the body. Neurotransmitters A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance through which one neuron sends a message to another. Neurotransmitters are transmitters that give off chemical reactions to neurons. There are several types of neurotransmitters and each type controls different functions like muscle control and triggers. Axon An Axon is a long, arm like structure that transmits information on to still other neurons. The axon is the elongated fiber that extends from the cell body to the terminal endings and transmits the neural signal. The larger the axon, the faster it transmits information. Myelin sheath Myelin sheath is an insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. Myelin sheaths three main functions include are protection of the nerve fiber, insulation of the nerve fiber and increasing the rate of conduction of nerve impulses. Dendrites Dendrites are a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that  help increase the surface area of the cell body. These tiny protrusions receive information from other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma. Synapses Synapses are junctions between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. To connect two neurons by providing a space between an axon terminal of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, so neurotransmitters that are released by an axon terminal can diffuse across that space to reach the dendrite and either initiate the possibility of the second neuron to fire or cause a muscle cell to contract. Cortex A cortex is the upper part of the brain; site of complex, conscious thinking processes. The cerebral cortex is involved in numerous functions of the body including: determining intelligence, determining personality, motor function, planning and organization, and touch sensation. Synaptogenesis A synaptogenesis is the universal process in early brain development in which many new synapses form spontaneously. Synaptogenesis is a process involving the formation of a neurotransmitter release site in the presynaptic neuron and a receptive field at the postsynaptic partners, and the precise alignment of pre- and post-synaptic specializations. Synaptic pruning A synaptic pruning is a universa process in brain development in which many previously formed synapses wither away. Synaptic pruning refer to neurological regulatory processes, which facilitate changes in neural structure by reducing the overall number of neurons and synapses, leaving more efficient synaptic configurations. Pruning is a process that is a general feature of mammalian neurological development. Myelination A myelination is the growth of a fatty sheath (myelin) around the axons of neurons, enabling faster transmission of electrical impulses. The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds fibers called axons, the long thin projections that extend from the main body of a nerve cell or neuron. . Reference Ormrod, J. (2014). Educational psychology: Developing learners. (8th ed., pp. 22-24). Pearson Education, Inc.

About Chinese Festival Essay

Do you know the most famous Festival of China? Have you ever heard about that Korea has conflict with China in the traditional cultural field? In order to call on people to realize the importance of Chinese own traditional culture and Cultural Identity, the research paper writes about Chinese Traditional culture, and make a questionnaire about ten questions to investigate people. By introducing the festivals and asking the questions, it tends to accomplish the goal that makes more and more young people know â€Å"What is Dragon Boat Festival?† â€Å"Dragon Boat Festival belongs to China† â€Å"Why the traditional culture is important?† As what mentioned above, there is a conflict about Dragon Boat Festival between China and Korea. Korea supplied Dragon Boat Festival to be its own World Culture Heritage successfully. It shows that the young generation needs to improve the cultural identity and Chinese government needs to pay more attention about the part of traditional culture. Chinese government should be awake to make more useful policies to disseminate Chinese own traditional culture and cherish it. In Culture field, enhancing the national cohesion is an important strategic task. This research report will present the survey about Chinese Traditional Culture and the further questions. Literature Review †¢ Background and history The origin of Dragon Boat Festival centers around a scholarly government official named Qu Yuan. He was a good and respected man, but because of the misdeeds of jealous rivals he eventually fell into disfavor in the emperor’s court. Unable to regain the respect of the emperor, in his sorrow Qu Yuan threw himself into the Mi Luo River. He drowned on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 277 BC. Since ancient times, Chinese people threw into the water dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves on the day. Therefore, the fish would eat the rice rather than the hero Qu Yuan. This later on turned into the custom of eating Zong zi, and Dragon Boat racing. Nowadays, the young people in China always celebrate the festivals which are from western; they are not interested in the festivals from their own country. This is a social problem that needs to be solved. In order to pass on the traditional culture in different forms, the government  needs to do a lot of works from many different ways. †¢ Purpose of research 1. In order to make everyone know the Chinese Traditional Festivals. 2. Disseminating Traditional Culture. 3. To call on the people to realize the importance of the Traditional Culture. 4. To make government pay more attention about this part. 5. To prevent the loss of traditional culture †¢ Inclusion- Exclusion Criteria The inclusion criteria are liberal, including newspapers, journal articles, conference papers, unpublished manuscripts, books, book chapters. The resources that do not mentioned issues related to Chinese Traditional Festivals or the importance of the traditional culture are excluded. †¢ Literature Search Upon entering the keywords Chinese Traditional Festivals and the importance of culture, there are many databases in library. And there are few books as well. Table 1 includes a listing and summary of each of them. Table 1: comparison Table of literature review Author(s) Page Number Methodology Type Purpose and summary Shaorong Huang 19 quantitative Article To examine Chinese Traditional Festivals. China is a country with an ancient oriental civilization. Its long history and fine tradition have provided it with the most fertile soil for the growth of the traditional festivals. Zhang Zhiyuan 13 quantitative Article This article presents a brief account of traditional Chinese festival customs. The Chinese traditional festival customs reflect traditional ethics and moral principles. The ancient Chinese paid great attention to worshipping Heaven and ancestors. To make people know the traditional culture. Kent, Dave 24 quantitative Article This article presents a brief account of traditional Chinese festival customs. The Chinese traditional festival customs reflect traditional ethics and moral principles. The ancient Chinese paid great attention to worshipping Heaven and ancestors. Liu Lian 43 quantitative Article The article focuses on the Dragon Boat Festival, a world intangible cultural heritage, which is celebrated by all Chinese on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. The two most important activities during the festival are presented which are the dragon boat racing and the eating of rice dumplings, but also include burning Chinese herbs and drinking realgar liquor. The origin of the festival, which was a way for people to avoid the back luck associated with the date, is discussed. Wong, Fanny 31 quantitative Article The article presents information on the history of dragon boat racing in China. The dragon boat race is a growing water sport. Dirlik, Arif 22 quantitative Article This article reflects on the existence of the different culture of Chinese. He added that culture can be understood in its material aspect which leads inevitably to the privilege of having difference as a condition of cultural existence Methodology The method of this research is quantitative, and most of information in the research is subjective. The populations are befitting for this research is better from different counties. Different countries, genders, ages, and identities could supply different view of points to the questions, which the research asks. It is best that the participants from different counties, so that the research could study more further about the different perspectives from different counties’ people. And it will be best if the participants are interesting in Chinese traditional culture that could be very helpful to the results. Actually, the participants are almost the students from University Massachusetts of Lowell. Most of them are males, and all of them are between 18-25 years old. As the limitation, the sampling of survey is not very wide, and the samples of this research are all students from University Massachusetts of Lowell. Half of them are randomly select from Email. And few of the samples are researcher asked to review and answer the questionnaire. Contend of questionnaire The content of questionnaire includes much information. And it can be classified into three parts. The first part is to ask about basic information of participants, such as age, gender, nationality. It intends to analyze the feedbacks from different aspects of ages, genders, nationalities. The second part is to ask some simple questions about China to the participants, and it intends to differentiate whether the participants know the situation and background well or not. It could help researcher get clearly information from participants. The last part is to ask some further questions about Chinese traditional culture, like â€Å"Have you ever heard of the event about Dragon Boat Festival happened between China  and Korea?† â€Å"Which policy do you think is best to protect the traditional culture?† Each of this kind of question gives four options, and it intends to get the different perspectives about Chinese traditional culture. Types of question There are three types of questions in the questionnaire, and the first one is demographic question. It asks the participants about the gender, age, and nationality. The second type of question is open question. It asks the participants for their own view of point to the questions, which are relevant to Chinese traditional culture. The third type of question is closed question. It gives four or more options for participants to choose one, which could express their own opinion appropriately. The reactions of respondents are almost about that the participants who come from foreign counties cannot clearly comprehend the meaning or effect of the cultural problem of China and some background history. And most of the participants show their interest of Chinese traditional foods. Actually, besides the participants who are Chinese, the other people are hardly to answer some further questions about policy of protecting culture, as they lack the background knowledge about China and Chinese society. There were some grammar mistakes in the question and option of the questionnaire. According to the questionnaire is not only for Chinese students to answer, it is better to add some background make everyone understand more clearly. Data collection procedures The procedure of collecting data is better to prepared well. The first step is to organize the questions and options clearly, making sure that is easy to understand and answer. The second step is that no matter the way researcher choose to survey, preparing enough questionnaires for backup, avoiding the situation that there is no more questionnaire for participant. The third step is to survey. Give the questionnaire to participants by Email and printout. The fourth step is to wait for the participants to give the questionnaires back. The sixth step is to calculate the total participants and analyze the responses of questionnaires. Justification

Prejudice, comformity and stereotyping in American History Essay

American History X is a great film that portrays prejudice, stereotyping and conformity. Prejudice is negative attitudes toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group. Prejudice involves beliefs and emotions that can turn into hatred. Having an opinion or idea about a member of a group without really knowing that individual is a part of prejudice. Some people make judgments about a whole group of people without knowing very much about them. Sometimes people are afraid of those who seem different from them and unfortunately, they express that with name-calling and negative treatment. When people grow up with these ideas, sometimes it’s hard to get rid of them. Like in the movie American History X, a father is sitting at the family dinner table and states his opinion of why he feels certain people of minority groups got their job. This influences how his children feel. Prejudice is a premature judgment, a positive or negative attitude towards a person or group of people, which is not based on objective facts. The prejudgments are usually based on stereotypes, which are shared beliefs about the characteristic traits, attitudes, and behaviors of members of various social groups including the assumption that the members of such groups are usually all alike. As the story line unfolds in American History X, the main character of the story will realize that not all people of a particular race are the same. A prejudgment may be based on an emotional experience we have had with a similar person, sort of our own personal stereotype. Stereotypes also provide us with role expectations. How we expect the other person or group to relate to us and to other people. Our culture has many of ready made stereotypes such as leaders are dominant, arrogant men, housewives are nice but empty headed, teenagers are music crazy and  very smart people are weird. Sometimes a leader or housewife or teenager is somewhat like the stereotype but it is an injustice to automatically assume they all are. Prejudice can be in the form of negative put downs and helps those of us on top feel okay about being there. Prejudice can be a hostile, resentful feeling or dislike for someone or an unfair blaming or degrading of others. Along with prejudice and stereotypes, goes conformity. The more people already agree upon or share a particular idea, the more easily a newcomer will turn to be converted to that idea, and the more difficult it will be for one already converted to reject that idea Summary of The Film The movie starts out through the eyes of Danny Vinyard, who idolizes his older brother Derek. Derek is seeking revenge for his father’s murder and burning a way to vent his rage. His father was a firefighter who was on duty one night putting out a fire at a crack house. His father was shot and killed by black drug addicts while fighting a fire in a crack house in a black neighborhood. He blames all black people for the death of his father. Derek hates anyone who is not a white protestant. Later it is learned that it wasn’t just his father’s death that shaped him, but his father’s conversation at the dinner table one night about racism. Derek finds himself transformed by a philosophy of hate as he turns into a disciple of a radical group of a local white power movement. He becomes a leader in this white supremacy group called the DOC organizing the other white kids in his neighborhood under the rule of a leader of the group named Cameron who stays behind the scene to keep his record clean. The skinheads that rule his group are convincing and are a very bonding group. It is assumed in their  world that that all races stick together and are at undeclared war with all others. They are very much prejudice and all conform to the same stereotype. Despite Derek’s intelligence, his violent actions end in a brutal murder and  ultimately, a prison sentence. One night two black kids attempt to steal Derek’s car, as the result of a playground feud that took place earlier. Derek fires his gun to kill and commits violent actions, which ends up in the death of the two black kids who tried to steal his car. He’s convicted of murder and sent to prison for three years. While in prison, Derek begins to see things in a different way. While in jail he learns some hard truths about life from a fellow inmate and his old high school principal that takes special interest in him. Avery Brooks, the principle ask Derek a powerful question. â€Å"Has any thing you’ve done changed your life?† But, when Derek emerges with a desire to change his attitude, he finds that words are not enough. Three years later, everyone awaits Derek’s return. His mother Doris who prays for his safety, his girlfriend Stacey who longs for his return, and most of all Danny who’s desperate for his brother’s love and guidance, yet is driven by his own increasing white supremacy hatred. Danny who idolizes Derek has stepped into his shoes. Following the crowd of the white supremacy group the DOC. Avery Brooks the high school principle who has helped Derek also tries to help Danny by telling him to write a paper on his brother in hope to make him see things in a different light. Unbeknown to Danny, Derek is a changed man. Fresh from prison, he no longer views hatred as a badge of honor. Ashamed of his past he is now in a race to save Danny and the Vineyard family from the violence he brought down upon them. His mind is open and sees the  error of his ways. Upon reentering the real world, he must now turn his attentions to his younger brother Danny, who is swiftly heading down the same path as his brother. He tells Danny to listen to Avery Brooks the principal of the high school who has made Danny write a paper on Derek. He also tells Danny of the experience he had it jail and how it has changed  him. It is too late and in the end Danny is murdered in school one day by one of the younger brothers of whom Derek had murdered. What is said at the end of the movie seems to sum it up quite well. Hate is baggage. Life is too short to be pissed off all the time. Derek says,† Its always good to end the paper with a quote.† † We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Through passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic cords of memory will swell when again touched as surely they will be by the better angels of our nature.† (Lincoln, 1861) Psychological Principles This school of psychology that I believe this film falls under is the school of behaviorism. Behaviorism views observable, measurable behavior rather than internal mental processes as the appropriate subject matter of psychology. Stresses the key roles of learning and the environment in determining behavior. The movie also deals with social psychology. It defines the reasons of why and how we behave and emotions and feeling we have. The why of how we feel, what we do and how we come about the decisions we make. It also affects our attitudes, feelings and emotions that make us who we are and what we do. Attitudes can be formed either positive or negative. When we hear parents, family, friends or teacher express positive or negative attitudes toward certain issues or people, we tend  to adapt the same attitudes as them. This is true in the movie American History X when Derek listened to his father’s conversation at the dinner table about racism. In observational learning, individuals learn by observing the behavior of other and then imitate that behavior. This is true in the film because the  skinheads of the group learn by observing the others and behaving the same way. Observational learning results when people observe the behavior of others and not the consequences. Derek uses stereotype thinking because he believes that all black people are bad and has a lot of hatred because of how his father died. Derek also learns to be part of the neo Nazi group by modeling Cameron the organizer and head of the DOC. A person’s cognitive abilities, physical characteristics, personality, beliefs, attitudes influence both his or her behavior and environment. A person’s behavior can affect his feelings about himself and his attitudes and beliefs about others. Much of a person knows comes from the environmental resources such as television, parents, and books. Environment also affects behavior what a person observes can powerfully influence what he does. But a person’s behavior also contributes to his environment. On the night Danny tells his brother that the black kids are breaking into his car he does not even think about what he is doing. A case of classical conditioning a form of learning that has powerful effects on attitudes likes and dislikes and emotional responses. Conformity involves the changing of one’s attitude, opinions, or behavior to match the attitudes, opinions, or behaviors of others. The pressures to act like other people, sometimes despite our true feelings and desires. In American History X Derek, Danny and all the other skin heads are take on this idea to belong to the neo-nazi group.  The scene in the movie where the skinheads destroy a neighborhood grocery store that is been taken over by a minority group show the skinheads conform to norms. These norms tell us what we should or ought to be thinking, feeling, or doing if we want to fit in with a particular group. Most people conform to norms without much thing about it. Through the whole movie Danny idolizes his brother and there for his ways can also be contributed to social psychology. The presence of others influences the thoughts, feelings and how he behaves. The expectancy theory can also be related to Danny. He feels he is expected to be racist because of the situation his brother is in. Because of the day-to-day expose of his racist feelings and the neo-nazi group he does not think of anything else so he is in constant exposure to negative feelings. While Derek is in jail and comes to realize that all people are not the same that there is good and bad in everyone he changes his attitude and behavior. Cognitive dissonance would come into effect here. Derek becomes aware of his ways and changes his behavior, attitude and reduces the importance of racism in his life. Accuracy of Psychology Portrayed American History X shows prejudice, stereotyping and conformity excellent. It shows how Derek comes about to be prejudice and to have his racial attitude. The movie shows that in the world of the skinhead neo Nazi, slogans replace thought, feeling and mindless hatred that is shocking. The bonding of this group portrays how conformity takes place. Derek’s attitude, behavior and speeches to the other kids persuade them to conform to the group. He makes them see things in his view. It shows how one person can change the thoughts and feeling of someone with a vulnerable mind. The movie also shows a way of breaking the vicious circle of hatred. Between the two parts in the movie, Derek’s fathers conversation at the dinner table expressing prejudice toward a different race and how his father died shows how social learning can come into effect. Children learn from what they hear causing them to be prejudice and to stereotype other people. The neo-nazi group shared beliefs about the characteristics of members of a different racial group. The thinking made them all believe that all they are  all alike. In the end the move tells the shows the truth that prejudice has no intrinsic worth. It only harms those who feel its hurt and ultimately harms those who practice it. Conclusion American History X is a move that takes prejudice, stereotyping and conformity and shows how each one can relate to the other. The film makes you stop and think about your thoughts and emotions on these subjects. Part of the last quote of this move says a lot. That hate is baggage. If we open our minds and see the world as a whole we can then realize that not everyone in the world is the same because of their race, gender or religion or so forth. Being prejudice and stereotyping people only leads to harm. We should not conform to the beliefs of others if we feel differently. We should be who we are and not be persuaded to feel otherwise. American History X in the end shows us that no matter what social group we belong to in society it does not mean that we all have the same characteristics, attitudes or behavior. It just goes to say that as we grow and experience things around us in our environment we tend to conform to the ways of society to form our personality and attitudes. The more we educate our young people and be good role models maybe then and only then can we prevent a situation like American History X form happening. A perfect example of conformity is in the scene which we see the skinheads bonding. They are led by Derek’s brilliant speechmaking and  fueled by drugs, beer, tattoos, and heavy metal and need all insecure people feel to belong to a movement greater then themselves. Together they feel that in their world all races stick together and are at undeclared war with all others My conclusion to this topic is that some people are oblivious to the emotional tones that they generate from their ignorant usage of stereotypical labels. I just think some people do not know it when they label someone and it brings out an emotional tone or negative implication. It’s all just ignorance. Or what people have been taught growing up in a government that strives for being the normal and the best. Learning through unintentional messages, whether through school, games, and especially television. It is time for people to unlearn what they have been taught and start opening their minds about this particular subject. It is the nature of prejudice that is the reason why we have violence in the world. I don’t think Derek would have come to have a change in attitude or behavior had it not been for the experience he had in jail. Coming full circle and realizing the reality that not everyone is the same and just because of your race, religion or gender we all are individuals. Derek was a product of his environment. Having conformed to a group of neo-nazi people who do nothing but see their world and don’t think out side of it. This would be kind of like the saying thinking out of the box. Until his ordeal in jail he had experienced groupthink. A tragedy had to happen in order for a cultural change to take place. References Augustinos, M. (2001). Understanding Prejudice Racism and Social Conflict. Pennsylvania: W.B. Saunder Company. Ruscher, J. B. (2001). Prejudiced communication: A social psychological perspective. New York: Guilford Press. Welkos, R. W. (1998, October 21). The Tin Line Between Fear and Hate. [Online]. Available: http://www.geocities.com/sunsetstrip/club.3036/analysel.htm. Wood, S. , & Wood, E. (1999). The Essential World of Psychology. Maine: Allyn & Bacon

How to write a methodology (2018) Dissertation Help

How to write a methodologyDissertation Help To address how to write a methodology, in the Methodology section of your dissertation you have to justify and explain your choice of methodologies employed in your research. You don’t however have to explain the methodological approaches that you could have used. In other words, say why you chose the ones you did and don’t say why you didn’t choose the others that were at your disposal.How to write a methodology?You may consider whether or not someone else could easily replicate your study based on what you have included in this section and in the appendices. In this section you have to explain very clearly how you arrived at your findings and state clearly why they are reliable and how they answer your research questions or test the hypotheses on which your research was based.How to Structure the Methodology Chapter?Section I PhilosophyThis will deal with the philosophy which underpins your research. You will set out the research paradigm here. While there are many different research philosophies you can adopt, three of the most popular are positivism, post-positivism and interpretivism. Each is suitable for a different sort of study, and each involves different assumptions about the world (ontology), how we know that world (epistemology) and the nature of knowledge. You may also be interested in: What is dissertation and why is it important? The following table sums up key details about each philosophy, and should help you decide which is most useful for your area of study. PHILOSOPHYBRIEF DESCRIPTIONTYPE OF DATA/DATA COLLECTIONONTOLOGYEPISTEMOLOGY PositivismAims to mirror scientific method. Uses deductive reasoning, empirical evidence and hypothesis testingQuantitative data, surveys based on scientific methods, larger sample sets, numericThe world is objective and independent of our subjective experienceThe world is knowable, and this knowledge is communicable between agents InterpretivismAn approach to studying people, particularly in social sciences, that starts from position that the subject matter is inherently different from non-human subjects.Qualitative data, subjective experience, small numbers of respondents, detailed examinations, textualThe world is dependent on the many subjective experiences of that world, and does not exist independently of experienceThere is no possibility of ‘objective’ knowledge of the world, all we have are different experiences. Post-PositivismShares the main assumptions of positivism, but takes a more relativistic perspectiveQuantitative, qualitative, mixed methodsThere is an objective world, but knowledge of it is filtered through the subjective experience of individuals. Knowledge is by its nature partial and bound by individual experienceSection II: ApproachHow to write a methodology Research Onion, Source: Saunders et al (2012) Here you will need to explain the context of your research, its limitations and specifically answer the â€Å"w-† questions, which include How, Why, What Where and WhenThe main decision you are likely to make is whether you will be using qualitative or quantitative methods (or methods which combine both). Each method is associated with a different approach to gathering data. In general (there’s lots more material available online if you want to learn more) you first need to decide whether you are going to work along broadly positivist, scientific lines, starting with a defined hypothesis and testing this against reality. If so, you are likely to be collecting numerical data in reasonably large quantities (30 or more) and running statistical tests on this data. In other words, you’ll be using a quantitative approach (to do with collecting and manipulating data).On the other hand, you might be more interested in exploring broad areas, probably to do with people’s experiences of, perceptions of or emotional reactions to a subject, and looking in detail at these responses in all their richness. By looking at broad areas of interest, you are aiming to generate theories about the area you are investigating. If this is the case, you will be adopting a qualitative approach (concerned with analysing textual responses in detail).Finally, you might want to use a mixture of both methods, and indeed ‘mixed methods’ research is becoming increasingly popular. It’s particularly useful when you want to reflect different perspectives on a subject, or put quantitative information into a robust real-world context. Other Relevant Articles: 1. Should I use Primary or Secondary Research? 2. The Steps involved in writing a Dissertation.Section III: Strategy and Research DesignIn this section you will outline how you collected your data; and you will have to explain your choice for using the methods you did, such as online surveys, phone surveys, face-to-face-interviews and so on. How did you choose your sampleExplain the choice of age group and ethnicity of your respondents. What questions did you ask and how have these contributed towards answering your research question or how did these test your hypothesis which formed the basis of your researchIt is actually better to write this at the start of your research, so that it can be changed if your methods are not producing the results you need. However as this is not usually how dissertations are written- they are written in hindsight, then you will have to be honest about the flaws in the design. When writing or planning this section, it’s good practice to refer back to your research questions, aims and objectives, and ask yourself whether what you are planning to do is the best way to answer the questions and achieve the objectives. It’s best to do this at an early stage, rather than look at the data you collected and find it doesn’t throw any light on the topics you wanted to ask about. Another thing to remember is that you need to convince the reader that the results you obtain are valid and reliable. When discussing why you selected the methods you did, you should be convincing that these methods are the best ones available given what you want to achieve.Section IV: Data Collection and Analysis MethodsYou will have to explain how the data was collected (by what means) and then explain the analysis tools you used. For example, if you were sampling texts, or have a lot of qualitative data are you using semiotics analysis, discourse analysis and so on. If you used software tools then you will have to say what these were and why you chose to use these particular ones. In this section you have to explain very clearly how you arrived at your findings and state clearly why they are reliable and how they answer your research questions or test the hypotheses on which your research was based. . The choices you made at the beginning of your research study should have been aided by contributions from your supervisor. That being so, writing the Methodology section will be the easiest part of your dissertation.Section V: Ethics, Reliability, Validity, Generalizability and LimitationsFinally, your methodology should discuss the following: Ethics – you need to explain how you have taken into account the ethics of your research, particularly if it includes human subjects. What steps did you take to make sure no one involved is harmed in any way (even very minor ways) This discussion should include how you dealt with issues of confidentiality of data, and data protection Reliability – that is, the extent to which your study is reliable, in that the results can be repeated by other researchers at other times. To be informative, studies should be both reliable and valid Validity – that is, does the study test what it sets out to testAre the measures you use able to accurately assess what you want to look at Generalizability – to what extent are the particular results you obtained true of other populationsNot all studies are as generalizable as others, but you need to discuss how generalizable your results are likely to be, and why. Limitations – finally, you need to acknowledge any ways i n which the study was limited. Was it restricted to only one country, when data from other regions would be usefulOr were only people of a certain age interviewed, when a more representative cross-section of the population would have yielded more informative results Continue Reading: 1. Sample Dissertation Methodology: Mixed Method Deductive Research 2. How to Structure a Dissertation: Chapters & Subchapters 3. Understanding Mixed Research Methods 4. Flawless Tips on Selecting your PhD Thesis Topic Summary Reviewer John- our site Admin Review Date 2017-08-20 Reviewed Item How to write a methodologyDissertation Help Author Rating 5

Did the Framers of the constitution intend that a corporation be Research Paper

Did the Framers of the constitution intend that a corporation be classified as a person for the purpose of being sued and suing - Research Paper Example 208). Persons, according to Roman law, do not have any kind of existence outside that of the legal sphere, and the law recognizes entities, regardless of whether or not they have a biological status. This view is called the â€Å"fiction theory† – this means that the personality of a corporation is a fiction, and that the corporation owes its very existence to the state (French, 1979, p. 208). Rivaling this theory in American jurisprudence is that of the â€Å"Legal Aggregate Theory of the Corporation† – this means that the corporate body is a shield or an umbrella for the individual persons that make up that corporation. In this theory, biological status is what matters, and has legal priority. In this theory, the corporation is synonymous with the board of directors and other leaders of the companies, while employees are generally ignored (French, 1979, p. 209). Another competing theory is that of the Germans, who regard corporations as having a de jarte personality, â€Å"which the law only declares to be a judicial fact† (French, 1979, p. 209). ... What is needed is a Reality Theory that identifies a de facto metaphysical person not just a sociological entity† (French, 1979, p. 210) While these are the popular theories about corporate personhood, the focus of this paper is whether or not the Framers meant for a corporation to be considered a person for the purposes of suing and being sued is a question that has a confused answer. The answer is confused because Supreme Court decisions have contradictory analysis on whether or not a corporation is considered to be a person under the Constitution as written. One case indicated that a corporation can sue in its own name, but that the corporation itself is not a citizen, but, rather, is composed of individual citizens, and that these individual citizens are what a court must look to when deciding if a court has jurisdiction over corporation lawsuits. Another case says, no, a corporation is an entity of its own, and the individual members of the corporation are not what matters – what matters is the corporation itself. The differences between these two cases is that the former was a case involving corporate lawsuits and the latter involved a corporation’s ability to make contracts. Then along came a case whose dicta established that a corporation is a person, but did not give any kind of reasoning behind why it believes this to be so. Nevertheless, this is considered to be a landmark case in that the case affirmatively established that a corporation is indeed a person. But, since the reasoning behind this is unclear, it is likewise unclear as to whether this court decided that the Framers intended this to be so. In other words, the Supreme Court cases that have dealt with the issue of corporate personhood,

Business Ethic 4 questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Ethic 4 questions - Assignment Example The other stakeholders would be the company itself and the society. The company will benefit from the profit drawn by the product in the market and the society will be adversely and positive affected from the benefits or drawbacks of the product. 3) The alternative decisions could be either to spend more money on R & D to make it safer before releasing it in the market. The other decisions could be to tell people about the fact that the product will not be able to work under extreme conditions. The last alternative could be to stop the production of the product citing it unsafe for the consumers. 4) Stopping the production of hazardous products falls under the category of rule based ethics because the motivation of the company to stop the production is safety of the people that the company values. Similarly, spending more money on R & D falls under consequentialism because the fairness of the action depends on its outcome only. R&D would make the product better and will increase its

Doctor patient relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Doctor patient relationship - Essay Example Carver takes this idea further by looking at the way in which a career limits the communication skills of a person. The minimal style enhances the starkness of loss especially when it is accompanied by a distant doctor. The paper concludes that the intention of both texts is to illuminate the inequality of the doctor/patient relationship although, unlike Carver, Williams resolves this. Carver provides a hint at the answer by the family finding resolution with the baker. 'A Small, Good Thing' and 'The Girl with the Pimply Face' are initially comparable because they share the subject matter of the medical profession and the narrative techniques are superficially quite similar. The primary theme is the sensitivity of patient/doctor relationships. Williams' story focuses on the doctor's humanity; his susceptibility to desire, boredom and irresponsibility, but also his caring response to a family facing several problems. Changeability is a central quality of being human. Everyone is subject to the same whims and desires whether they are a doctor or not. He has the desire to help, gives his work freely, possesses a genuine interest in the family and does not criticise his patients when they cannot pay. On the other hand there are hints that he is nave because he does not realise the family are taking advantage of him. Furthermore his reasons for being interested in the family are ambiguous. His concern possibly stems from his attraction to the girl with acne rather than genuine professional interest. Although his interest in her is professional; he wants to help her acne and her legs, his thoughts reveal there is something about the girl that would be of interest to him whether or not she needed his attention as a doctor,. Conversely Carver treats the medical profession with suspicion, focusing on the gap between doctors and the ordinary family. Where Williams uses similar language for both the doctor and the girl, Carver uses different language. Williams emphasises the willingness of his doctor to step over professional boundaries and help the girl with advice and money whereas Carver's doctors shift the blame of Scotty's death away from themselves, emphasising that there was nothing they could do. Dr. Francis was disinclined to linger with the parents at the end and Ann feels as if he wants her to leave before she is ready. He never crosses over the professional line. Each story uses distinctive narrative methods to expound this theme. Firstly, neither story has an objective narrator. The Williams' story is told by the doctor and the language is colloquial. There is an outstanding lack of conventional grammar. Spoken words mingle with description. For example, 'What's the matter with her I asked.' (79) The effect is two-fold. Firstly it envelops the reader in the doctor's world, inviting sympathy. However it also makes him susceptible to criticism. His language is not medical and his attention darts quickly away from his patient. He is different from the traditional image of a doctor. 'For the moment at least I had lost all interest in the baby.'(80) By having access to the doctor's inner thoughts the reader is privileged to his true opinion of his patients, feelings not expected of a doctor, 'this young kid in charge of the house did something to me that I liked.'(80) On the other hand Carver's technique incorporates the inner

History of a Technology or Specific aspect of Engineering Research Paper

History of a Technology or Specific aspect of Engineering - Research Paper Example These factors have created a rich history and heritage regarding software engineering. What is Software Engineering? Software engineering is a process of producing programmes to provide functionalities basing on the problem being solved. The software can either be generic in which it is provided to the customers the way it is or custom in which customers can change it to suit their specifications. Software is engineered to give instructions to hardware components, for example, computers; and hand held hardware devices, for example, mobile phones and tablets to perform certain tasks. Software needs hardware for it to be operational. The specific hardware specifications determine the type of software that will be engineered and the specifications it should have (Puntambeker 3). The Early Days of Software Engineering Software engineering was cracked in the mid twentieth century. However, all the credit goes to people who started the ideology way before the twentieth century. In 1804, Fr ench by the name Jaquard made a loom that would perform predefined tasks using punched cards that were fed on a reading contraption on the loom. This technology was used for the production of carpets and tissue. It allowed people with no skills to use the loom to make carpets and tissue. This technology by Jaquard inspired many people to think on ways they could put instructions on the card to be replicated on the product (Robat 5). Charles Babbage designed an analytical machine which would use programmes. Although the machine never operated, Ada Lovelace wrote a rudimentary programme for the machine that was designed by Babbage in 1843. Four years later, a British mathematician George Boole proved that there was a lot of relation between mathematics and logic. Logic was therefore mathematical and not philosophical as previously claimed by the ancient philosophers (Robat 8). These four people had an idea of how programming would work, but never went to the extent of starting it off. Their ideas proved important to the people who later on pioneered software engineering. At first, programmers and other professionals in this field could not comprehend what John Von Neumann was saying. They analyzed his statements and looked at them logically to start getting a clear picture of exactly what he meant. Programmers and experts who understood this went ahead to make computing better. Random Access Memory was developed with the main objective of allowing easy access to any information in the computer faster. The improvements were well embraced but still, there was a lot of room for improvement, especially in the software part. The computing machines at the time were quite huge, the size of a grand piano using about 2,500 tubes (Evans, 2004). Software engineering went a notch higher, with the plan calculus by Konrad Zuse in 1945. This was the first ever documented algorithmic programming language. The objective of Konrad was to create theoretical preconditions of solvin g general problems. This new development inspired many others to continue with the improvement in the quest to engineer the best software. In 1948, Claude Shannon coined out the mathematical theory of communication through which engineers were taught how to code and to check for transmission accuracy between computers. Four years later, Grace Hopper came up with a compiler this allowed computers to use words instead of numbers. She came up with ARITH-MATIC, FLOW-MATIC and MATH-MATIC [software] basing on her A-0 compiler.

The cast of Amontillado By Montresor and Fortunado Essay

The cast of Amontillado By Montresor and Fortunado - Essay Example In an effort to understand Montresor, there is need to focus on his superego, patient and canning nature. Montresor is canning in his attempt to lure Fortunato into his death trap. â€Å"My dear Fortunato! I am indeed glad that I have met you. I †¦tell me is Amontillado.† (Poe 866). this is an attempt by Montresor to try his first move to seek revenge on what he considered an act that was meant to demoralize him. Montresor earlier portrays canning traits as he attempts to pull the audience believe he was justified in what he was about to attempt. He insinuate he had forgiven Fortunato several times and that he was justified in seeking revenge Montresor portrays ego centric traits this highlights the reason as to why he manages to plan a revenge plan on ground that his dignity was at stake. He also brags about his traits which places him supreme to Fortunato. In this case he portrays Fortunato as weak and naà ¯ve. â€Å"He had a weak point†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (866). this is an effort to portray himself superior meaning his plans would succeed without any hitch. The implication that Fortunato portrays his ego centric attributes. His ego centric character ensures his survival through the story. The character also portrays him as being patient. This is evident in his opening statement which he states that "The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (866). Montresor indicates how he was able to forget the past mistakes just to wait for the right time. This traits changes and he becomes an antagonist. He patiently plans his revenge beginning with the wide tasting to the chining and finally to the murder of Fortunato (870). The character is successful in his revenge as he manages to accomplish his goals. His quest to seek revenge is repaid by his patience. He utilizes the naà ¯ve nature of Fortunato to execute his plan. In conclusion the ego centric, caning and patience nature portrays the traits of Montresor. The effort to avenge the